The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS

The aim of the NA61/SHINE ion programme is to explore the QCD phase diagram within the range of thermodynamical variables accessible by the SPS. In addition, the experiment provides precision hadron production measurements for description of the neutrino beam of the T2K experiment at J-PARC and for simulation of cosmic-ray showers for the Pierre Auger Observatory, KASCADE-Grande and KASCADE experiments. The main physics goals of the NA61/SHINE ion programme are the study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and the search for signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter. These goals are pursued by performing an energy (beam momentum 13A–158AGeV/c) and system size (p + p, p+Pb, Be+Be, Ar+Ca, Xe+La) scan. The architecture and performance of the detector will be discussed. Moreover, an overview of the recent NA61/SHINE status, results and plans will be presented

Analysis of collision centrality and negative pion spectra in 7Be + 9Be interactions at CERN SPS energy range

Praca doktorska została napisana w ramach eksperymentu NA61/SHINE znajdującego się przy akceleratorze Super Proton Synchrotron w ośrodku CERN. Program eksperymentu NA61/SHINE składa się z trzech części: • Badanie materii oddziałującej silnie • Precyzyjne pomiary produkcji hadronów dla eksperymentów neutrinowych • Precyzyjne pomiary produkcji hadronów dla eksperymentów badających promieniowanie kosmiczne Niniejsza praca dotyczy programu badania materii oddziałującej silnie, a w szczególności pomiarów obserwabli związanych z przejściem fazowym między gazem hadronowym, a plazmą kwarkowo-gluonową. Praca zawiera analizy przeprowadzone dla zderzeń 7Be + 9Be przy pięciu pędach wiązki: 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, 150A GeV/c. Głównym wynikiem pracy jest pomiar dwuwymiarowych widm ujemnie naładowanych pionów produkowanych w nieelastycznych oddziaływaniach 7Be + 9Be. W celu identyfikacji pionów użyto metody „h-" bazującej na fakcie, że większość wyprodukowanych ujemnie naładowanych cząstek to piony. Niewielki wkład od pozostałych hadronów został odjęty za pomocą symulacji Monte-Carlo. Otrzymane widma zostały poprawione na efekty detektorowe oraz piony produkowane w oddziaływaniach słabych za pomocą symulacji Monte-Carlo. Wyniki pomiarów porównano z danymi zmierzonymi w oddziaływaniach p + p oraz Pb + Pb. Widmo masy poprzecznej mezonów n- w zderzeniach 7Be + 9Be wykazuje wzmocnienie dla dużych wartości masy poprzecznej w stosunku do danych p + p, sugeruje to istnienie kolektywnego pływu radialnego w badanych zderzeniach. Szerokość rozkładu pospieszności mezonów n- wykazuje brak monotoniczności względem wielkości zderzanego układu. Efekt ten został zinterpretowany jako brak symetrii izospinowej w zderzeniach p + p oraz Pb + Pb. Wprowadzenie poprawki izospinowej do danych p + p spowodowało przywrócenie monotoniczności. W celu otrzymania widm ujemnie naładowanych pionów należało wykonać pewne pomiary pomocnicze. W szczególności w pracy opisano: • Cięcia jakościowe w celu wybrania dobrze zmierzonych oddziaływań 7Be + 9Be z wtórnej (zawierającej wiele innych rodzajów cząstek poza 7Be) wiązki o skomplikowanej strukturze czasowej. • Pomiar nieelastycznego przekroju czynnego oraz przekroju czynnego na produkcję cząstek w zderzeniach 7Be + 9Be. • Pomiar i parametryzacja profilów kaskady hadronowej w kalorymetrze używanym do określenia centralności zderzenia. • Określenie centralności zderzenia

Measurements of production and inelastic cross sections for p+C, p+Be, and p+Al at 60 GeV/c and p+C and p+Be at 120 GeV/c

This paper presents measurements of production cross sections and inelastic cross sections for the following reactions: 60 GeV=c protons with C, Be, Al targets and 120 GeV=c protons with C and Be targets. The analysis is performed using the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. First measurements are obtained using protons at 120 GeV=c, while the results for protons at 60 GeV=c are compared with previously published measurements. These interaction cross section measurements are critical inputs for neutrino flux prediction in current and future accelerator-based long-baseline neutrino experiments.Authors:A. Aduszkiewicz,15 E. V. Andronov,21 T. Antićić,3 V. Babkin,19 M. Baszczyk,13 S. Bhosale,10 A. Blondel,23 M. Bogomilov,2 A. Brandin,20 A. Bravar,23 W. Bryliński,17 J. Brzychczyk,12 M. Buryakov,19 O. Busygina,18 A. Bzdak,13 H. Cherif,6 M. Ćirković,22 M. Csanad,7 J. Cybowska,17 T. Czopowicz,17 A. Damyanova,23 N. Davis,10 M. Deliyergiyev,9 M. Deveaux,6 A. Dmitriev,19 W. Dominik,15 P. Dorosz,13 J. Dumarchez,4 R. Engel,5 G. A. Feofilov,21 L. Fields,24 Z. Fodor,7,16 A. Garibov,1 M. Gaździcki,6,9 O. Golosov,20 M. Golubeva,18 K. Grebieszkow,17 F. Guber,18 A. Haesler,23 S. N. Igolkin,21 S. Ilieva,2 A. Ivashkin,18 S. R. Johnson,26 K. Kadija,3 E. Kaptur,14 N. Kargin,20 E. Kashirin,20 M. Kiełbowicz,10 V. A. Kireyeu,19 V. Klochkov,6 V. I. Kolesnikov,19 D. Kolev,2 A. Korzenev,23 V. N. Kovalenko,21 K. Kowalik,11 S. Kowalski,14 M. Koziel,6 A. Krasnoperov,19 W. Kucewicz,13 M. Kuich,15 A. Kurepin,18 D. Larsen,12 A. László,7 T. V. Lazareva,21 M. Lewicki,16 K. Łojek,12 B. Łysakowski,14 V. V. Lyubushkin,19 M. Maćkowiak-Pawłowska,17 Z. Majka,12 B. Maksiak,11 A. I. Malakhov,19 A. Marchionni,24 A. Marcinek,10 A. D. Marino,26 K. Marton,7 H.-J. Mathes,5 T. Matulewicz,15 V. Matveev,19 G. L. Melkumov,19 A. O. Merzlaya,12 B. Messerly,27 Ł. Mik,13 G. B. Mills,25 S. Morozov,18,20 S. Mrówczyński,9 Y. Nagai ,26 M. Naskręt,16 V. Ozvenchuk,10 V. Paolone,27 M. Pavin,4,3 O. Petukhov,18 R. Płaneta,12 P. Podlaski,15 B. A. Popov,19,4 B. Porfy,7 M. Posiadała-Zezula,15 D. S. Prokhorova,21 D. Pszczel,11 S. Puławski,14 J. Puzović,22 M. Ravonel,23 R. Renfordt,6 E. Richter-Wąs,12 D. Röhrich,8 E. Rondio,11 M. Roth,5 B. T. Rumberger,26 M. Rumyantsev,19 A. Rustamov,1,6 M. Rybczynski,9 A. Rybicki,10 A. Sadovsky,18 K. Schmidt,14 I. Selyuzhenkov,20 A. Yu. Seryakov,21 P. Seyboth,9 M. Słodkowski,17 A. Snoch,6 P. Staszel,12 G. Stefanek,9 J. Stepaniak,11 M. Strikhanov,20 H. Ströbele,6 T. Šuša,3 A. Taranenko,20 A. Tefelska,17 D. Tefelski,17 V. Tereshchenko,19 A. Toia,6 R. Tsenov,2 L. Turko,16 R. Ulrich,5 M. Unger,5 F. F. Valiev,21 D. Veberič,5 V. V. Vechernin,21 A. Wickremasinghe,27 Z.Włodarczyk,9 A.Wojtaszek-Szwarc,9 K. Wójcik,14 O.Wyszyński,12 L. Zambelli,4 E. D. Zimmerman,26 and R. Zwaska24 (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) 1National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan 2Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria 3Rud¯er Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia 4LPNHE, University of Paris VI and VII, Paris, France 5Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany 6University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany 7Wigner Research Centre for Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 8University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 9Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland 10Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland 11National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland 12Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland 13AGH—University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland 14University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland 15University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 16University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland 17Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland 18Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia 19Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia 20National Research Nuclear University (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia 21St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 22University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 23University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 24Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA 25Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 26University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA 27University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US

NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system

NA61/SHINE (SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment) is a multi-purpose experimental facility to study hadron production in hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. It recorded the first physics data with hadron beams in 2009 and with ion beams (secondary 7Be beams) in 2011. NA61/SHINE has greatly profited from the long development of the CERN proton and ion sources and the accelerator chain as well as the H2 beamline of the CERN North Area. The latter has recently been modified to also serve as a fragment separator as needed to produce the Be beams for NA61/SHINE. Numerous components of the NA61/SHINE set-up were inherited from its predecessors, in particular, the last one, the NA49 experiment. Important new detectors and upgrades of the legacy equipment were introduced by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. This paper describes the state of the NA61/SHINE facility - the beams and the detector system - before the CERN Long Shutdown I, which started in March 2013

Search for the critical point by the NA61/SHINE experiment

NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment operating at CERN SPS. Its main goals are to search for the critical point of stronglyinteractingmatterandtostudytheonsetofdeconfinement. Forthesegoalsascanofthetwodimensionalphase diagram (T-μB) is being performed at the SPS by measurements of hadron production in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy. In this paper the status of the search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration is presented including recent results on proton intermittency, strongly intensive fluctuation observables of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations. These measurements are expected to be sensitive to the correlation length and, therefore, have the ability to reveal the existence of the critical point via possible non-monotonic behavior. The new NA61/SHINE results are compared to the model predictions

NA61/SHINE measurements of anisotropic flow relative to the spectator plane in Pb+Pb collisions at 30A GeV/c

We present an analysis of the anisotropic flow harmonics in Pb+Pb collisions at beam momenta of 30A GeV/c collected by the NA61/SHINE experiment in the year 2016. Directed and elliptic flow coefficients are measured relative to the spectator plane estimated with the Projectile Spectators Detector (PSD). The flow coefficients are reported as a function of transverse momentum in different classes of collision centrality. The results are compared with a new analysis of the NA49 data for Pb+Pb collisions at 40A GeV using forward calorimeters (VCal and RCal) for event plane estimation

Hidden strangeness shines in NA61/SHINE

Preliminary results on the ϕ (1020) meson production in inelastic proton-proton collisions measured by the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS are presented in these proceedings. The results include the first ever differential pT and y measurements at beam momenta of 40 and 80 GeV and the most ever detailed experimental data at 158GeV. The comparison of p + p to Pb + Pb results shows a non-trivial system size dependence of the widths of the rapidity distributions for ϕ mesons, contrasting with that of other hadrons. The results are furthermore compared to the world data on ϕ meson production, demonstrating the better accuracy achieved by the NA61/SHINE experiment, and to several models. None of the models is found to be able to describe simultaneously the shape of transverse momentum spectra, the shape of rapidity distribution and the total yield

Two-particle correlations in azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity in inelastic p + p interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

Results on two-particle ΔηΔϕ correlations in inelastic p + p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158 GeV/c are presented. The measurements were performed using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The data show structures which can be attributed mainly to effects of resonance decays, momentum conservation, and quantum statistics. The results are compared with the Epos and UrQMD models.ISSN:1434-6044ISSN:1434-605

K∗(892) meson production in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 GeV/c beam momentum measured by NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS

NA61/SHINE Collaboration A. Aduszkiewicz15, E. V. Andronov21, T. Anti´ci´c3, V. Babkin19, M. Baszczyk13, S. Bhosale10, A. Blondel23, M. Bogomilov2, A. Brandin20, A. Bravar23,W. Bryli ´ nski17, J. Brzychczyk12, M. Buryakov19, O. Busygina18, A. Bzdak13, H. Cherif6, M. C´ irkovic´22, M. Csanad7, J. Cybowska17, T. Czopowicz9,17, A. Damyanova23, N. Davis10, M. Deliyergiyev9, M. Deveaux6, A. Dmitriev19, W. Dominik15, P. Dorosz13, J. Dumarchez4, R. Engel5, G. A. Feofilov21, L. Fields24, Z. Fodor7,16, A. Garibov1, M. Ga´zdzicki6,9, O. Golosov20, V. Golovatyuk19, M. Golubeva18, K. Grebieszkow17,a, F. Guber18, A. Haesler23, S. N. Igolkin21, S. Ilieva2, A. Ivashkin18, S. R. Johnson25, K. Kadija3, E. Kaptur14, N. Kargin20, E. Kashirin20, M. Kiełbowicz10,V. A. Kireyeu19, V. Klochkov6, V. I. Kolesnikov19, D. Kolev2, A. Korzenev23,V. N. Kovalenko21, S. Kowalski14, M. Koziel6, A. Krasnoperov19,W. Kucewicz13, M. Kuich15, A. Kurepin18, D. Larsen12, A. László7, T. V. Lazareva21, M. Lewicki16, K. Łojek12, B. Łysakowski14, V. V. Lyubushkin19, M.Ma´ckowiak-Pawłowska17, Z. Majka12, B. Maksiak11, A. I. Malakhov19, D. Mani´c22, A. Marcinek10, A. D. Marino25, K. Marton7, H.-J. Mathes5, T. Matulewicz15, V.Matveev19, G. L. Melkumov19, A. O. Merzlaya12, B. Messerly26, Ł.Mik13, S. Morozov18,20, S. Mrówczy´ nski9, Y. Nagai25, M. Naskre˛t16, V. Ozvenchuk10, V. Paolone26, O. Petukhov18, R. Płaneta12, P. Podlaski15, B. A. Popov4,19, B. Porfy7, M. Posiadała-Zezula15, D. S. Prokhorova21, D. Pszczel11, S. Puławski14, J. Puzovi´c22, M. Ravonel23, R. Renfordt6, E. Richter-Wa˛s12, D. Röhrich8, E. Rondio11, M. Roth5, B. T. Rumberger25, M. Rumyantsev19, A. Rustamov1,6, M. Rybczynski9, A. Rybicki10, A. Sadovsky18, K. Schmidt14, I. Selyuzhenkov20, A. Yu. Seryakov21, P. Seyboth9, M. Słodkowski17, P. Staszel12, G. Stefanek9, J. Stepaniak11, M. Strikhanov20, H. Ströbele6, T. Šuša3, A. Taranenko20, A. Tefelska17, D. Tefelski17, V. Tereshchenko19, A. Toia6, R. Tsenov2, L. Turko16, R. Ulrich5, M. Unger5, F. F. Valiev21, D. Veberiˇc5, V. V. Vechernin21, A. Wickremasinghe24,26, Z. Włodarczyk9, O. Wyszy´nski12, E. D. Zimmerman25, R. Zwaska24The measurement of K∗ (892)0 resonance production via its K+ π − decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 GeV/c ( √ sNN = 17.3 GeV) is presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The template methodwas used to extract the K∗ (892)0 signal and double-differential transverse momentum and rapidity spectra were obtained. The full phase-space mean multiplicity of K∗ (892)0 mesons was found to be (78.44 ± 0.38(stat) ± 6.0(sys)) · 10−3. The NA61/SHINE results are compared with the Epos1.99 and Hadron Resonance Gas models as well as with world data from p+p and nucleus–nucleus collisions